1, Tlhokahalo ea ho qetela ea Photovoltaic: Tlhokahalo ea bokhoni bo kentsoeng ba photovoltaic e matla, 'me tlhokahalo ea polysilicon e khutlisetsoa morao ho latela ponelopele ea bokhoni bo kentsoeng.
1.1.Tšebeliso ea Polysilicon: Lefatšeng ka bopharapalo ea tšebeliso e ntse e eketseha butle-butle, haholo-holo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea matla a photovoltaic
Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, lefats'epolysilicontšebeliso e 'nile ea tsoela pele ho phahama,' me karolo ea Chaena e 'nile ea tsoela pele ho eketseha, e etelletsoe ke indasteri ea photovoltaic.Ho tloha 2012 ho isa 2021, tšebeliso ea polysilicon ea lefats'e ka kakaretso e bonts'itse boemo bo holimo, bo nyoloha ho tloha ho lithane tse 237,000 ho isa ho lithane tse ka bang 653,000.Ka 2018, ho ile ha hlahisoa leano le lecha la China la 531 photovoltaic, le ileng la fokotsa ka ho hlaka sekhahla sa thuso bakeng sa tlhahiso ea matla a photovoltaic.Matla a photovoltaic a sa tsoa kenngoa a theohile ka 18% selemo le selemo, 'me tlhokahalo ea polysilicon e ile ea ameha.Ho tloha ka 2019, mmuso o hlahisitse maano a 'maloa ho khothaletsa tekano ea grid ea photovoltaics.Ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea photovoltaic, tlhokahalo ea polysilicon e boetse e kene nakong ea kholo e potlakileng.Nakong ena, karolo ea tšebeliso ea Chaena ea polysilicon ka kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea lefats'e e ile ea tsoela pele ho phahama, ho tloha ho 61.5% ka 2012 ho ea ho 93,9% ka 2021, haholo-holo ka lebaka la indasteri ea photovoltaic e ntseng e hōla ka potlako ea Chaena.Ho latela pono ea tšebeliso ea lefatše ka bophara ea mefuta e fapaneng ea polysilicon ka 2021, lisebelisoa tsa silicon tse sebelisoang bakeng sa lisele tsa photovoltaic li tla etsa bonyane 94%, eo polysilicon ea boemo ba letsatsi le silicon ea granular e etsang 91% le 3%, ka ho latellana, ha polysilicon ea elektronike e ka sebelisoang bakeng sa litlaleho tsa li-chips bakeng sa 94%.Karolelano ke 6%, e bontšang hore tlhokahalo ea hona joale ea polysilicon e laoloa ke photovoltaics.Ho lebeletsoe hore ka ho futhumala ha pholisi ea li-carbon tse peli, tlhokahalo ea matla a ho kenya photovoltaic e tla ba matla, 'me tšebeliso le karolo ea polysilicon ea letsatsi e tla tsoela pele ho eketseha.
1.2.Sephaphatha sa silicon: sephaphatha sa silicon sa monocrystalline se lula se le teng, 'me theknoloji e tsoelang pele ea Czochralski e hola ka potlako.
Sehokelo se otlolohileng sa polysilicon ke li-wafers tsa silicon, mme China hajoale e laola 'maraka oa lefatše oa silicon wafer.Ho tloha ka 2012 ho isa ho 2021, tlhahiso le tlhahiso ea silicon ea lefats'e le ea China e ile ea tsoela pele ho eketseha, 'me indasteri ea photovoltaic e ile ea tsoela pele ho eketseha.Li-wafers tsa silicon li sebetsa e le borokho bo kopanyang thepa ea silicon le libeteri, 'me ha ho na moroalo holim'a bokhoni ba tlhahiso, kahoo e tsoela pele ho hohela palo e kholo ea lik'hamphani ho kena indastering.Ka 2021, baetsi ba li-silicone tsa China ba ne ba eketsehile haholotlhahisobokhoni ba tlhahiso ea 213.5GW, e tsamaisitseng tlhahiso ea lefatše ka bophara ea silicon ho nyolohela ho 215.4GW.Ho ea ka matla a tlhahiso a teng le a sa tsoa eketseha Chaena, ho lebelletsoe hore sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo se tla boloka 15-25% lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang, mme tlhahiso ea liphaephe ea China e ntse e tla boloka boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng.
Silicon ea polycrystalline e ka etsoa ka li-ingots tsa polycrystalline silicon kapa lithupa tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline.Mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea li-ingots tsa polycrystalline silicon haholo-holo o kenyelletsa mokhoa oa ho lahla le mokhoa o tobileng oa ho qhibiliha.Hona joale, mofuta oa bobeli ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong, 'me tekanyo ea tahlehelo e hlile e bolokiloe hoo e ka bang 5%.Mokhoa oa ho lahla haholo-holo ke oa ho qhibilihisa thepa ea silicon ka har'a crucible pele, ebe o e lahlela ka har'a crucible e 'ngoe e futhumetseng bakeng sa ho pholile.Ka ho laola sekhahla sa ho pholisa, ingot ea polycrystalline silicon e lahleloa ke theknoloji ea ho tiisa tataiso.Mokhoa o chesang oa ho qhibiliha oa mokhoa o tobileng oa ho qhibiliha o tšoana le oa mokhoa oa ho lahla, oo polysilicon e qhibilihisitsoeng ka ho toba ka crucible pele, empa mohato oa ho pholile o fapane le mokhoa oa ho lahla.Le hoja mekhoa ena e 'meli e tšoana haholo ka tlhaho, mokhoa o tobileng oa ho qhibiliha o hloka feela crucible e le' ngoe, 'me sehlahisoa sa polysilicon se hlahisoang ke sa boleng bo botle, se thusang ho hōla ha li-ingots tsa polycrystalline silicon tse nang le mekhoa e metle,' me mokhoa oa ho hōla o bonolo ho automate, e ka etsang hore boemo ba ka hare ba phokotso ea Phoso ea kristale.Hajoale, likhoebo tse etellang pele indastering ea lisebelisoa tsa matla a letsatsi hangata li sebelisa mokhoa o tobileng oa ho qhibiliha ho etsa li-ingots tsa polycrystalline silicon, 'me likahare tsa carbon le oksijene li batla li le tlase, tse laoloang ka tlase ho 10ppma le 16ppma.Nakong e tlang, tlhahiso ea li-ingots tsa polycrystalline silicon e ntse e tla laoloa ke mokhoa o tobileng oa ho qhibiliha, 'me tekanyo ea tahlehelo e tla lula e le 5% nakong ea lilemo tse hlano.
Ho hlahisoa ha lithupa tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline haholo-holo ho ipapisitse le mokhoa oa Czochralski, o tlatsitsoeng ke mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha o otlolohileng oa libaka, mme lihlahisoa tse hlahisoang ke tse peli li na le ts'ebeliso e fapaneng.Mokhoa oa Czochralski o sebelisa khanyetso ea graphite ho futhumatsa silicon ea polycrystalline ka har'a crucible ea quartz e hloekileng ka har'a sistimi e otlolohileng ea mocheso ho e qhibilihisa, ebe o kenya kristale ea peo ka holim'a ho qhibiliha bakeng sa ho kopanya, ebe o potoloha kristale ea peo ha o ntse o fetola crucible., kristale ea peo e phahamisetsoa holimo butle-butle, 'me silicon ea monocrystalline e fumanoa ka mekhoa ea ho jala, ho hōlisa, ho fetola mahetla, ho hōla ka bophara bo lekanang le ho qeta.Mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha o otlolohileng oa sebaka se phaphametseng o bolela ho lokisa lisebelisoa tsa polycrystalline tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa ka phaposing ea sebōpi, ho tsamaisa coil ea tšepe butle-butle ka tsela ea bolelele ba polycrystalline le ho feta har'a polycrystalline ea columnar, le ho fetisa maqhubu a seea-le-moea a matla a phahameng ka har'a tšepe. khoele ho etsa Karolo ea bokahare ba tšiea ea polycrystalline e qhibiliha, 'me ka mor'a hore khoele e sisinyehe, ho qhibiliha ho tsosolosa ho etsa kristale e le' ngoe.Ka lebaka la mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahiso, ho na le phapang ea thepa ea tlhahiso, litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso le boleng ba sehlahisoa.Hona joale, lihlahisoa tse fumanoang ka mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha ha libaka li na le bohloeki bo phahameng 'me li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor, ha mokhoa oa Czochralski o ka finyella maemo a ho hlahisa silicon e le' ngoe ea kristale bakeng sa lisele tsa photovoltaic 'me e na le litšenyehelo tse tlaase, kahoo ho joalo. mokhoa o tloaelehileng.Ka 2021, karolo ea 'maraka ea mokhoa o otlolohileng oa ho hula e ka ba 85%,' me e lebelletsoe ho eketseha hanyane lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang.Likarolo tsa 'maraka ka 2025 le 2030 li lebelletsoe ho ba 87% le 90% ka ho latellana.Mabapi le silicon e qhibilihang ea kristale e le 'ngoe, indasteri ea silicon e qhibilihisang kristale e le 'ngoe e phahame haholo lefatšeng.ho fumana), TOPSIL (Denmark) .Nakong e tlang, tekanyo ea tlhahiso ea silicon e le 'ngoe ea kristale e qhibilihisitsoeng e ke ke ea eketseha haholo.Lebaka ke hore mahlale a amanang le China a batla a le morao ha a bapisoa le Japane le Jeremane, haholo-holo bokhoni ba lisebelisoa tse futhumatsang tse phahameng le maemo a ts'ebetso ea crystallization.Theknoloji ea kristale e kopantsoeng ea silicon sebakeng se seholo sa bophara e hloka hore likhoebo tsa China li tsoele pele ho itlhahloba ka bobona.
Mokhoa oa Czochralski o ka aroloa ka theknoloji e tsoelang pele ea ho hula kristale (CCZ) le theknoloji e pheta-phetoang ea kristale (RCZ).Hajoale, mokhoa o ka sehloohong indastering ke RCZ, e leng mothating oa phetoho ho tloha RCZ ho ea CCZ.Mehato e le 'ngoe ea ho hula le ho fepa ea kristale ea RZC e ikemetse ho e mong.Pele e hula e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ingot e le 'ngoe ea kristale e tlameha ho pholile ebe e tlosoa ka kamoreng ea heke, ha CCZ e ka hlokomela ho fepa le ho qhibiliha ha e ntse e hula.RCZ e batla e hōlile, 'me ho na le sebaka se fokolang sa ntlafatso ea theknoloji nakong e tlang;ha CCZ e na le melemo ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso, 'me e le boemong ba tsoelo-pele e potlakileng.Mabapi le litšenyehelo, ha ho bapisoa le RCZ, e nkang lihora tse ka bang 8 pele ho huloa molamu o le mong, CCZ e ka ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, ea fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa crucible le tšebeliso ea matla ka ho felisa mohato ona.Kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea sebōpi se le seng e holimo ho 20% ho feta ea RCZ.Litsenyehelo tsa tlhahiso li ka tlase ho 10% ho feta RCZ.Mabapi le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng, CCZ e ka phethela setšoantšo sa lithupa tsa 8-10 tsa silicon e le 'ngoe ka har'a potoloho ea bophelo ea crucible (lihora tse 250), ha RCZ e ka qeta hoo e ka bang 4,' me katleho ea tlhahiso e ka eketsoa ka 100-150% .Mabapi le boleng, CCZ e na le mokhoa o ts'oanang oa ho hanyetsa, oksijene e fokolang, le ho bokella butle-butle ha litšila tsa tšepe, kahoo e loketse haholoanyane ho lokisoa ha li-wafers tsa crystal silicon tsa mofuta o le mong, tse leng nakong ea tsoelo-pele e potlakileng.Hona joale, lik'hamphani tse ling tsa Chaena li phatlalalitse hore li na le theknoloji ea CCZ, 'me tsela ea li-silicone tsa granular silicon-CCZ-n-monocrystalline wafers e hlakile,' me e se e qalile ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa silicon tse 100%..Nakong e tlang, CCZ e tla nkela RCZ sebaka, empa e tla nka ts'ebetso e itseng.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline li arotsoe ka mehato e mene: ho hula, ho khaola, ho khaola, ho hloekisa le ho hlophisa.Ho hlaha ha mokhoa oa ho khaola terata ea daemane ho fokolitse haholo sekhahla sa tahlehelo ea likheo.Mokhoa oa ho hula kristale o hlalositsoe ka holimo.Ts'ebetso ea ho seha e kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ea ho fokotsa, squaring le chamfering.Slicing ke ho sebelisa mochini o sehang ho seha silicon e kholo ka har'a liphaephe tsa silicon.Ho hloekisa le ho hlophisa ke mehato ea ho qetela ea tlhahiso ea liphaephe tsa silicon.Mokhoa oa ho khaola terata ea daemane o na le melemo e hlakileng ho feta mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho seha terata ea seretse, e bonts'ang haholo ts'ebeliso ea nako e khuts'oane le tahlehelo e tlase.Lebelo la terata ea daemane le menahano hahlano ho feta ho seha ha setso.Mohlala, bakeng sa ho seha ka sekoahelo se le seng, ho seha terata ea seretse ea setso ho nka lihora tse ka bang 10, 'me ho seha terata ea taemane ho nka lihora tse peli feela.Tahlehelo ea ho seha terata ea daemane le eona e batla e le nyane, 'me sekhahla sa tšenyo e bakiloeng ke ho seha terata ea daemane se nyane ho feta sa ho seha terata ea seretse, e leng se loketseng ho seha liphaephe tse tšesaane tsa silicon.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, e le ho fokotsa tahlehelo le litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, lik'hamphani li retelelitse mekhoa ea ho seha terata ea daemane, 'me bophara ba maballo a libese a taemane bo ntse bo theoha.Ka 2021, bophara ba terata ea terata ea daemane e tla ba 43-56 μm, 'me bophara ba terata ea terata ea daemane e sebelisetsoang li-wafers tsa silicon e tla fokotseha haholo mme e tsoele pele ho theoha.Ho hakanngoa hore ka 2025 le 2030, bophara ba libese tsa terata tsa daemane tse sebelisetsoang ho khaola li-wafers tsa monocrystalline silicon e tla ba 36 μm le 33 μm, ka ho latellana, 'me bophara ba libars tsa terata tsa daemane tse sebelisetsoang ho khaola li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon e tla ba 51 μm. le 51 μm, ka ho latellana.Lebaka ke hobane ho na le mefokolo le litšila tse ngata ka har'a li-wafer tsa polycrystalline silicon, 'me likhoele tse tšesaane li na le monyetla oa ho robeha.Ka hona, bophara ba terata ea terata ea daemane e sebelisetsoang ho itšeha ka polycrystalline silicon e kholo ho feta ea liphaephe tsa silicon tse monocrystalline, 'me ha karolo ea mmaraka ea li-wafers tsa silicon e fokotseha butle-butle, e sebelisoa bakeng sa silicon ea polycrystalline Phokotso ea bophara ba daemane. terata busbars sehiloeng ka lilae li fokotsehile.
Hajoale, li-wafers tsa silicon li arotsoe haholo ka mefuta e 'meli: li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon le li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline.Li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline li na le melemo ea bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea phetoho ea photoelectric.Li-wafers tsa silicon tsa polycrystalline li entsoe ka lithollo tsa kristale tse nang le litekanyo tse fapaneng tsa sefofane sa kristale, ha li-wafers tsa silicon e le 'ngoe li entsoe ka silicon ea polycrystalline e le lisebelisoa tse tala ebile li na le sebopeho se tšoanang sa sefofane sa kristale.Ka chebahalo, li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon le li-wafers tsa silicon e le 'ngoe li na le boputsoa-botšo le bosootho bo botšo.Kaha tse peli li khaotsoe ho li-ingots tsa polycrystalline silicon le li-silicone tsa monocrystalline, ka ho latellana, libopeho li na le lisekoere le quasi-square.Bophelo ba tšebeletso ea li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon le li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline ke lilemo tse ka bang 20.Haeba mokhoa oa ho paka le tikoloho ea tšebeliso li loketse, bophelo ba tšebeletso bo ka fihla ho feta lilemo tse 25.Ka kakaretso, nako ea bophelo ea li-wafers tsa monocrystalline silicon e telele hanyane ho feta ea li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon.Ntle le moo, li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline le tsona li betere hanyane molemong oa phetoho ea photoelectric, 'me letsoalo la tsona la dislocation le litšila tsa tšepe li nyane haholo ho feta tsa li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon.Phello e kopaneng ea lintlha tse fapaneng e etsa hore nako ea bophelo ea kristale e le 'ngoe e phahame ka makhetlo a mangata ho feta ea li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon.Ka tsela eo ho bonts'a molemo oa ho fetola katleho.Ka 2021, ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea phetoho ea li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon e tla ba hoo e ka bang 21%, 'me ea monocrystalline silicon wafers e tla fihla ho 24.2%.
Ntle le bophelo bo bolelele le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea phetoho, li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline le tsona li na le monyetla oa ho fokotsa, e leng ho loketseng ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea silicon le litšenyehelo tsa silicon wafer, empa ela hloko keketseho ea sekhahla sa ho arohana.Ho fokotsoa ha li-wafers tsa silicon ho thusa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, 'me mokhoa oa hona joale oa ho seha o ka finyella litlhoko tsa ho fokotsa ka botlalo, empa botenya ba li-wafers tsa silicon le bona bo tlameha ho finyella litlhoko tsa tlhahiso ea lisele le likarolo tse tlaase.Ka kakaretso, botenya ba li-wafers tsa silicon bo ntse bo fokotseha lilemong tsa morao tjena, 'me botenya ba li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon bo boholo ho feta ba liphaphatha tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline.Li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline li arotsoe hape ka li-wafers tsa silicon tsa mofuta oa n le li-silicone tsa mofuta oa p, ha li-wafers tsa silicon tsa mofuta oa n li kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea TOPCon Battery le ts'ebeliso ea betri ea HJT.Ka 2021, botenya bo boholo ba li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon ke 178μm, 'me ho haella ha tlhokahalo nakong e tlang ho tla ba khanna hore ba tsoele pele ho fokola.Ka hona, ho boleloa esale pele hore botenya bo tla fokotseha hanyenyane ho tloha 2022 ho ea ho 2024, 'me botenya bo tla lula bo le ka 170μm ka mor'a 2025;karolelano ea botenya ba li-wafers tsa silicon tsa mofuta oa p-monocrystalline li ka bang 170μm, 'me ho lebeletsoe hore li theohele ho 155μm le 140μm ka 2025 le 2030. Har'a li-wafers tsa silicon tsa mofuta oa n-monocrystalline, botenya ba liphaphatha tsa silicon tse sebelisetsoang lisele tsa HJT ke hoo e ka bang 150μm, 'me botenya bo boholo ba liphaephe tsa silicon tsa mofuta oa n tse sebelisoang bakeng sa lisele tsa TOPCon ke 165μm.135μm.
Ho feta moo, tlhahiso ea li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon e ja silicon e ngata ho feta li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline, empa mehato ea tlhahiso e batla e le bonolo, e tlisang melemo ea litšenyehelo ho li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon.Polycrystalline silicon, e le lintho tse tloaelehileng tse tala bakeng sa li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon le li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline, li na le tšebeliso e fapaneng ha ho etsoa tse peli, e leng ka lebaka la phapang ea mehato ea bohloeki le tlhahiso ea tse peli.Ka 2021, tšebeliso ea silicon ea polycrystalline ingot ke 1.10 kg / kg.Ho lebelletsoe hore matsete a fokolang a lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele a tla lebisa liphetohong tse nyane nakong e tlang.Tšebeliso ea silicon ea molamu oa ho hula ke 1.066 kg / kg, 'me ho na le sebaka se itseng sa ho ntlafatsa.E lebelletsoe ho ba 1.05 kg/kg le 1.043 kg/kg ka 2025 le 2030, ka ho latellana.Ts'ebetsong e le 'ngoe ea ho hula kristale, phokotso ea tšebeliso ea silicon ea molamu o hulang e ka finyelloa ka ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho hloekisa le ho senya, ho laola ka thata tikoloho ea tlhahiso, ho fokotsa karolo ea li-primers, ho ntlafatsa taolo e nepahetseng, le ho ntlafatsa lihlopha. le theknoloji ea ho sebetsana le thepa ea silicon e senyehileng.Le hoja tšebeliso ea silicon ea li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon e phahame, litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon li batla li phahame hobane li-ingots tsa polycrystalline silicon li hlahisoa ke ho chesa li-ingot casting, ha li-ingots tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline li atisa ho hlahisoa ke khōlo e liehang ho Czochralski single crystal furnaces. e jang matla a mangata haholo.Tlase.Ka 2021, theko e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso ea li-wafers tsa silicon e tla ba 0.673 yuan/W, 'me ea li-wafer tsa polycrystalline silicon e tla ba 0.66 yuan/W.
Ha botenya ba sephaphatha sa silicon bo fokotseha 'me bophara ba terata ea litaemane bo fokotseha, tlhahiso ea lithupa tsa silicon / li-ingots tsa bophara bo lekanang ka kilogram e tla eketseha,' me palo ea melamu e le 'ngoe ea kristale ea boima bo lekanang e tla ba holimo ho feta moo. ea li-ingots tsa polycrystalline silicon.Mabapi le matla, matla a sebelisoang ke sephaphatha ka seng sa silicon a fapana ho ea ka mofuta le boholo.Ka 2021, tlhahiso ea p-type 166mm size monocrystalline square bars e ka bang likotoana tse 64 ka kilogram, 'me tlhahiso ea polycrystalline square ingots e ka bang likotoana tse 59.Har'a li-wafers tsa silicon ea kristale e le 'ngoe ea p-type, tlhahiso ea 158.75mm monocrystalline square rods e ka bang likotoana tse 70 ka kilogram, tlhahiso ea p-type 182mm single crystal square rods ke likotoana tse 53 ka kilogram, le tlhahiso ea p. -mofuta oa 210mm boholo ba melamu ea kristale e le 'ngoe ka kilogram e ka bang likotoana tsa 53.Sephetho sa "square bar" se ka ba likotoana tse 40.Ho tloha ka 2022 ho isa ho 2030, ho fokotseha ho tsoelang pele ha li-wafers tsa silicon ntle le pelaelo ho tla lebisa keketseho ea palo ea lithupa / li-ingots tsa silicon tsa molumo o tšoanang.Bophahamo bo bonyenyane ba terata ea terata ea daemane le boholo ba likaroloana tse mahareng le tsona li tla thusa ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho itšeha, ka hona ho eketsa palo ea li-wafers tse hlahisoang.bongata.Ho hakanngoa hore ka 2025 le 2030, tlhahiso ea p-type 166mm size monocrystalline square rods e ka bang 71 le 78 likotoana ka kilogram, 'me tlhahiso ea polycrystalline square ingots e ka bang 62 le 62 likotoana, e leng ka lebaka la maraka a tlaase. karolo ea li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon Ho thata ho baka tsoelo-pele e kholo ea thekenoloji.Ho na le phapang matleng a mefuta e fapaneng le boholo ba li-wafers tsa silicon.Ho ea ka lintlha tsa phatlalatso bakeng sa matla a tloaelehileng a 158.75mm silicon wafers e ka bang 5.8W / sengoathoana, matla a tloaelehileng a li-wafers tsa silicon tse boholo ba 166mm a ka bang 6.25W / sengoathoana, 'me matla a tloaelehileng a silicon ea 182mm e ka bang 6.25W / sengoathoana. .Ka karolelano matla a boholo ba silicon bafer e ka ba 7.49W / sengoathoana, 'me matla a tloaelehileng a silicon wafer ea boholo ba 210mm e ka ba 10W / sengoathoana.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, li-wafers tsa silicon li ntse li tsoela pele butle-butle ka lehlakoreng la boholo bo boholo, 'me boholo bo boholo bo thusa ho eketsa matla a chip e le' ngoe, kahoo e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lisele tse seng tsa silicon.Leha ho le joalo, tokiso ea boholo ba li-wafers tsa silicon e boetse e hloka ho nahana ka litaba tse amanang le maemo a holimo le a tlase, haholo-holo mojaro le litaba tse phahameng tsa hajoale.Hajoale, ho na le likampo tse peli 'marakeng mabapi le tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea kamoso ea boholo ba silicon, e leng boholo ba 182mm le boholo ba 210mm.Tlhahiso ea 182mm haholo-holo ho tloha ponong ea ho kopanya indasteri e otlolohileng, ho itšetlehile ka ho nahanoa ka ho kenngoa le ho tsamaisoa ha lisele tsa photovoltaic, matla le katleho ea li-modules, le synergy pakeng tsa holimo le tlaase;athe 210mm haholo-holo ho tsoa ponong ea litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso le litšenyehelo tsa sistimi.Sehlahisoa sa liphaephe tsa silicon tse 210mm se eketsehile ka ho feta 15% ts'ebetsong ea ho taka ka lere le le leng, theko ea tlhahiso ea betri e theohileng ka tlase ho 0.02 yuan/W, 'me kakaretso ea litšenyehelo tsa kaho ea seteishene sa motlakase e fokotsehile ka hoo e ka bang 0.1 yuan/ W.Lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang, ho lebeletsoe hore li-wafers tsa silicon tse nang le boholo bo ka tlase ho 166mm li tla tlosoa butle-butle;mathata a ho bapisa a 210mm a silicon a tla rarolloa butle-butle, 'me litšenyehelo li tla fetoha ntho ea bohlokoa haholo e amang matsete le tlhahiso ea likhoebo.Ka hona, karolo ea mmaraka ea li-wafers tsa silicon tse 210mm e tla eketseha.Ho phahama ho tsitsitseng;182mm silicon wafer e tla ba boholo bo ka sehloohong 'marakeng ka lebaka la melemo ea eona tlhahisong e kopantsoeng e otlolohileng, empa ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea 210mm silicon wafer application, 182mm e tla fana ka monyetla ho eona.Ho feta moo, ho thata hore li-wafers tse kholoanyane tsa silicon li sebelisoe haholo 'marakeng lilemong tse' maloa tse tlang, hobane litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi le kotsi ea ho kenya li-wafers tse kholo tsa silicon li tla eketseha haholo, tseo ho leng thata ho li felisa. ho boloka litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso le litšenyehelo tsa tsamaiso..Ka 2021, boholo ba silicon bafer 'marakeng bo kenyelletsa 156.75mm, 157mm, 158.75mm, 166mm, 182mm, 210mm, joalo-joalo. Har'a bona, boholo ba 158.75mm le 166mm ba nka karolo ea 50% ea kakaretso, le boholo ba 56mm. e fokotsehile ho 5%, e tla nkeloa sebaka butle-butle nakong e tlang;166mm ke tharollo e kholo ka ho fetisisa e ka ntlafatsoang bakeng sa mohala o teng oa tlhahiso ea betri, e tla ba boholo bo boholo ka ho fetisisa lilemong tse peli tse fetileng.Mabapi le boholo ba phetoho, ho lebelletsoe hore karolo ea 'maraka e tla ba tlase ho 2% ka 2030;boholo bo kopaneng ba 182mm le 210mm bo tla ikarabella bakeng sa 45% ka 2021, mme karolo ea mmaraka e tla eketseha ka potlako nakong e tlang.Ho lebeletsoe hore kakaretso ea 'maraka ka 2030 e tla feta 98%.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, karolo ea 'maraka ea silicon ea monocrystalline e ntse e eketseha,' me e nkile boemo bo ka sehloohong 'marakeng.Ho tloha 2012 ho isa 2021, karolo ea silicon ea monocrystalline e nyolohile ho tloha tlase ho 20% ho isa ho 93.3%, keketseho e kholo.Ka 2018, li-wafers tsa silicon tse 'marakeng haholo-holo ke li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon, tse ikarabellang ho feta 50%.Lebaka le ka sehloohong ke hore melemo ea tekheniki ea li-wafers tsa monocrystalline silicon e ke ke ea koahela litšenyehelo tsa litšenyehelo.Ho tloha ka selemo sa 2019, ha ts'ebetso ea phetoho ea photoelectric ea li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline e feta haholo ea li-wafers tsa polycrystalline silicon, 'me litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea li-wafers tsa monocrystalline silicon li ntse li tsoela pele ho theoha ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, karolo ea mmaraka ea li-wafers tsa silicon e ntse e eketseha, e ntse e eketseha. tse ka sehloohong 'marakeng.sehlahisoa.Ho lebelletsoe hore karolo ea li-wafers tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline e tla fihla hoo e ka bang 96% ka 2025, 'me karolo ea mmaraka ea li-wafers tsa silicon e tla fihla ho 97.7% ka 2030. (Mohloli oa Tlaleho: Future Think Tank)
1.3.Li-betri: Li-betri tsa PERC li laola 'maraka,' me nts'etsopele ea libeteri tsa mofuta oa n e phahamisa boleng ba sehlahisoa.
Khokahano e bohareng ea ketane ea indasteri ea photovoltaic e kenyelletsa lisele tsa photovoltaic le li-module tsa lisele tsa photovoltaic.Ho sebetsa ha li-wafers tsa silicon ka liseleng ke mohato oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa oa ho phethahatsa phetoho ea photoelectric.Ho nka mehato e ka bang supileng ho sebetsana le sele e tloaelehileng ho tloha ka silicon wafer.Ntlha ea pele, kenya sephaphatha sa silicon ka har'a hydrofluoric acid ho hlahisa sebopeho sa suede se kang piramite holim'a eona, ka hona ho fokotsa ho bonahatsa khanya ea letsatsi le ho eketseha ha leseli;ea bobeli ke Phosphorus e qhalakantsoeng ka holim'a lehlakoreng le leng la sephaphatha sa silicon ho theha mokoloko oa PN, 'me boleng ba eona bo ama ka ho toba katleho ea sele;ea boraro ke ho tlosa mokoloko oa PN o entsoeng ka lehlakoreng la sephaphatha sa silicon nakong ea ho hasana ho thibela potoloho e khutšoanyane ea sele;Lera la filimi ea silicon nitride e koahetsoe ka lehlakoreng leo ho lona ho thehoang PN junction ho fokotsa ho bonahatsa leseli 'me ka nako e ts'oanang ho eketsa katleho;ea bohlano ke ho hatisa li-electrode tsa tšepe ka pele le ka morao ea sephaphatha sa silicon ho bokella lijari tse nyenyane tse hlahisoang ke photovoltaics;Potoloho e hatisitsoeng sethaleng sa khatiso e siiloe ebe e thehoa, 'me e kopantsoe le sephaphatha sa silicon, ke hore, sele;qetellong, lisele tse nang le efficiencies fapaneng ba classified.
Lisele tsa silicon tsa crystalline hangata li entsoe ka li-wafers tsa silicon joalo ka li-substrates, 'me li ka aroloa ka lisele tsa mofuta oa p le lisele tsa mofuta oa n ho latela mofuta oa li-wafers tsa silicon.Har'a tsona, lisele tsa mofuta oa n li na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea phetoho 'me butle-butle li nkela lisele tsa mofuta oa p lilemong tsa morao tjena.Li-wafers tsa silicon tsa mofuta oa P li entsoe ka silicon ea doping e nang le boron, 'me li-wafers tsa silicon tsa mofuta oa n li entsoe ka phosphorus.Ka hona, motsoako oa karolo ea boron ka har'a mofuta oa silicon oafer o tlase, ka hona o thibela ho kopana ha li-boron-oxygen complexes, ho ntlafatsa bophelo bohle ba thepa ea silicon, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, ha ho na ho fokotseha ho bakoang ke lifoto. ka betri.Ho phaella moo, n-mofuta o monyenyane bajari ke masoba, bajari ba p-mofuta ba fokolang ke lielektrone, 'me karolo ea ho tšoasa ea liathomo tse ngata tse sa hloekang bakeng sa masoba e nyenyane ho feta ea li-electrone.Ka hona, nako ea bophelo ea bajari ba fokolang ba sele ea mofuta oa n e phahame mme sekhahla sa phetoho ea photoelectric se phahame.Ho ea ka boitsebiso ba laboratori, moeli o ka holimo oa katleho ea phetoho ea lisele tsa p-type ke 24.5%, 'me katleho ea phetoho ea lisele tsa mofuta oa n e fihla ho 28.7%, kahoo lisele tsa mofuta oa n li emela tataiso ea tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e tlang.Ka 2021, lisele tsa mofuta oa n (haholo-holo li kenyelletsa lisele tsa heterojunction le lisele tsa TOPCon) li na le litšenyehelo tse batlang li le holimo, 'me tekanyo ea tlhahiso ea bongata e ntse e le nyenyane.Kabelo ea hajoale ea mmaraka e ka ba 3%, e hlileng e ts'oanang le ea 2020.
Ka 2021, katleho ea phetoho ea lisele tsa mofuta oa n e tla ntlafatsoa haholo, 'me ho lebeletsoe hore ho tla ba le sebaka se eketsehileng sa tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji lilemong tse hlano tse tlang.Ka 2021, tlhahiso e kholo ea lisele tsa p-monocrystalline e tla sebelisa theknoloji ea PERC, 'me ka karolelano katleho ea phetoho e tla fihla ho 23.1%, keketseho ea karolo ea 0.3 lekholong ha e bapisoa le 2020;katleho ea phetoho ea lisele tsa silicon tse ntšo tsa polycrystalline tse sebelisang theknoloji ea PERC li tla fihla ho 21.0%, ha li bapisoa le 2020. Keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea karolo ea 0.2 lekholong;Ntlafatso e tloaelehileng ea polycrystalline e ntšo ea silicon e sebetsa hantle ha e matla, katleho ea phetoho ka 2021 e tla ba hoo e ka bang 19.5%, ke karolo ea 0.1 feela ea ntlha e phahameng, 'me sebaka sa ntlafatso sa bokamoso se fokotsehile;ka karolelano katleho ea phetoho ea lisele tsa ingot monocrystalline PERC ke 22.4%, e leng karolo ea 0.7 lekholong e tlase ho feta ea lisele tsa monocrystalline PERC;ka karolelano katleho ea phetoho ea lisele tsa TOPCon tsa n-type e fihla ho 24%, 'me karolelano ea phetoho ea lisele tsa heterojunction e fihla ho 24.2%, tseo ka bobeli li ntlafalitsoeng haholo ha li bapisoa le 2020,' me karolelano ea phetoho ea lisele tsa IBC e fihla ho 24.2%.Ka ntshetsopele ya thekenoloji nakong e tlang, dithekenoloji tsa betri tse kang TBC le HBC le tsona di ka tswelapele ho hatela pele.Nakong e tlang, ka phokotso ea litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso le ntlafatso ea lihlahisoa, libeteri tsa mofuta oa n e tla ba e 'ngoe ea litsela tse ka sehloohong tsa nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea betri.
Ho ea ka pono ea tsela ea theknoloji ea betri, ntlafatso e pheta-phetoang ea theknoloji ea betri e fetile haholo BSF, PERC, TOPCon e ipapisitse le ntlafatso ea PERC, le HJT, thekenoloji e ncha e senyang PERC;TOPCon e ka boela ea kopanngoa le IBC ho theha TBC, 'me HJT e ka boela ea kopanngoa le IBC hore e be HBC.Lisele tsa mofuta oa P-monocrystalline haholo-holo li sebelisa theknoloji ea PERC, lisele tsa p-mofuta oa polycrystalline li kenyelletsa lisele tsa polycrystalline tse ntšo tsa silicon le lisele tsa ingot monocrystalline, ho qetela ho bolela ho eketsoa ha likristale tsa peo ea monocrystalline motheong oa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa polycrystalline ingot, ho tiisa tataiso Ka mor'a moo, a square silicon ingot e thehoa, 'me sephaphatha sa silicon se kopantsoeng le kristale e le' ngoe le polycrystalline se etsoa ka letoto la mekhoa ea ho sebetsa.Hobane ha e le hantle e sebelisa tsela ea ho lokisetsa polycrystalline, e kenyelelitsoe sehlopheng sa lisele tsa p-type polycrystalline.Lisele tsa mofuta oa n haholo-holo li kenyelletsa lisele tsa TOPCon monocrystalline, lisele tsa HJT monocrystalline le lisele tsa IBC monocrystalline.Ka 2021, mela e mecha ea tlhahiso ea bongata e ntse e tla laoloa ke mela ea tlhahiso ea lisele tsa PERC, 'me karolo ea mmaraka ea lisele tsa PERC e tla nyolohela ho 91.2%.Ha tlhoko ea lihlahisoa tsa merero ea kantle le ea malapeng e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho lihlahisoa tse sebetsang hantle haholo, karolo ea mmaraka ea libeteri tsa BSF e tla theoha ho tloha ho 8.8% ho isa ho 5% ka 2021.
1.4.Li-modules: Litsenyehelo tsa lisele li ikarabella bakeng sa karolo e kholo, 'me matla a li-module a itšetlehile ka lisele
Mehato ea tlhahiso ea li-modules tsa photovoltaic haholo-holo e kenyelletsa ho hokahanya ha lisele le ho lamination, 'me lisele li ikarabella bakeng sa karolo e kholo ea litšenyehelo tsohle tsa mojule.Kaha hona joale le voltage ea sele e le 'ngoe li nyane haholo, lisele li hloka ho hokahana ka mekoallo ea libese.Mona, li kopantsoe ka letoto ho eketsa motlakase, ebe li kopantsoe ka tsela e tšoanang ho fumana matla a phahameng, ebe khalase ea photovoltaic, EVA kapa POE, Letlapa la betri, EVA kapa POE, lakane e ka morao e tiisitsoe 'me mocheso o hatelloa ka tatellano e itseng. , 'me qetellong e sirelelitsoe ke foreimi ea aluminium le bohale ba ho tiisa silicone.Ho latela pono ea sebopeho sa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea karolo, litšenyehelo tsa thepa li etsa karolo ea 75%, e leng maemong a mantlha, e lateloe ke litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi.Theko ea thepa e tsamaisoa ke theko ea lisele.Ho ea ka liphatlalatso tse tsoang ho lik'hamphani tse ngata, lisele li nka hoo e ka bang 2/3 ea litšenyehelo tsohle tsa li-module tsa photovoltaic.
Li-module tsa photovoltaic hangata li aroloa ho latela mofuta oa sele, boholo le bongata.Ho na le phapang matleng a li-module tse fapaneng, empa kaofela li boemong bo ntseng bo phahama.Matla ke pontšo ea bohlokoa ea li-module tsa photovoltaic, tse emelang bokhoni ba module ea ho fetola matla a letsatsi hore e be motlakase.E ka bonoa ho tloha lipalo-palo tsa matla a mefuta e fapaneng ea li-modules tsa photovoltaic hore ha boholo le palo ea lisele tse ka har'a module li tšoana, matla a mochine ke mofuta oa n-mofuta oa kristale e le 'ngoe> p-mofuta oa kristale e le' ngoe> polycrystalline;E kholoanyane boholo le bongata, matla a mojule a maholoanyane;bakeng sa TOPCon single crystal modules le heterojunction modules ea litlhaloso tse tšoanang, matla a ho qetela a maholo ho feta a pele.Ho latela ponelopele ea CPIA, matla a module a tla eketseha ka 5-10W ka selemo lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang.Ntle le moo, sephutheloana sa module se tla tlisa tahlehelo e itseng ea matla, haholoholo ho kenyelletsa tahlehelo ea optical le tahlehelo ea motlakase.Ea pele e bakoa ke transmittance le optical mismatch ea thepa ea ho paka tse kang khalase ea photovoltaic le EVA, 'me ea ho qetela e bua haholo ka tšebeliso ea lisele tsa letsatsi ka letoto.Tahlehelo ea potoloho e bakiloeng ke ho hanyetsa ha ribone ea ho tjheseletsa le bese ea libese ka boeona, le tahlehelo ea hona joale e sa lumellaneng e bakoang ke ho hokahanya ha lisele tse bapileng, tahlehelo ea matla ea li-account tse peli e ka bang 8%.
1.5.Matla a kentsoeng a Photovoltaic: Ho hlakile hore maano a linaha tse fapaneng a tsamaisoa, 'me ho na le sebaka se seholo sa bokhoni bo bocha bo kentsoeng nakong e tlang.
Ha e le hantle, lefats'e le fihletse tumellano mabapi le ho ntšoa ha zero tlas'a sepheo sa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, 'me moruo oa merero ea photovoltaic ea superimposed e hlahile butle-butle.Linaha li ntse li lekola ka matla nts'etsopele ea phepelo ea matla a ka nchafatsoang.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, linaha lefatšeng ka bophara li entse boitlamo ba ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea khabone.Boholo ba li-emitters tse kholo tsa khase e futhumatsang lefatše li thehile lipehelo tse tsamaellanang tsa matla a ka nchafatsoang, 'me matla a kentsoeng a matla a tsosolositsoeng a maholo.E itšetlehile ka sepheo sa ho laola mocheso oa 1.5 ℃, IRENA e bolela esale pele hore matla a lefats'e a kentsoeng a tsosolositsoeng a tla fihla ho 10.8TW ka 2030. Ho phaella moo, ho ea ka data ea WOODMac, theko ea boemo ba motlakase (LCOE) ea tlhahiso ea matla a letsatsi Chaena, India, United States le linaha tse ling li se li le tlase ho feta matla a theko e tlaase a mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale, 'me li tla fokotseha le ho feta nakong e tlang.Khothatso e sebetsang ea maano linaheng tse fapaneng le moruo oa tlhahiso ea matla a photovoltaic e entse hore ho be le keketseho e tsitsitseng ea bokhoni bo kentsoeng ba photovoltaics lefatšeng le Chaena lilemong tsa morao tjena.Ho tloha 2012 ho isa 2021, matla a kenyelletsoeng a photovoltaics lefatšeng a tla eketseha ho tloha 104.3GW ho ea 849.5GW, 'me matla a kenyelletsoeng a photovoltaics Chaena a tla eketseha ho tloha 6.7GW ho 307GW, keketseho ea makhetlo a 44.Ho feta moo, China e sa tsoa kenngoa photovoltaic capacity e nka karolo e fetang 20% ea kakaretso ea lefats'e e kentsoeng.Ka 2021, matla a China a sa tsoa kenngoa a photovoltaic ke 53GW, e leng karolo ea 40% ea matla a sa tsoa kenngoa lefatšeng.Sena se bakoa haholo-holo ke kabo e ngata le e ts'oanang ea mehloli ea matla a leseli naheng ea China, e tsoetseng pele hantle ho ea holimo le tlase ho noka, le tšehetso e matla ea maano a naha.Nakong ena, China e bile le karolo e kholo tlhahisong ea matla a photovoltaic, 'me matla a kenyelletsoeng a kenyelelitsoe ka tlase ho 6.5%.e fetohile ho 36.14%.
Ho ipapisitsoe le tlhahlobo e kaholimo, CPIA e fane ka ponelopele ea lits'ebetso tse ncha tse ntseng li eketseha tsa photovoltaic ho tloha 2022 ho isa 2030 lefats'eng lohle.Ho hakanngoa hore tlas'a maemo a mabeli a nang le tšepo le a tlhokomelo, matla a sa tsoa kenngoa lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2030 e tla ba 366 le 315GW ka ho latellana, 'me matla a sa tsoa kenngoa a Chaena e tla ba 128. , 105GW.Ka tlase re tla bolela esale pele tlhokahalo ea polysilicon ho latela boholo ba bokhoni bo sa tsoa kenngoa selemo se seng le se seng.
1.6.Batla ponelopele ea polysilicon bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa photovoltaic
Ho tloha ka 2022 ho isa ho 2030, ho ipapisitse le ponelopele ea CPIA bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa PV tse sa tsoa eketseha lefatšeng ka bophara tlas'a maemo a mabeli a nang le tšepo le a tsitsitseng, tlhoko ea polysilicon bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa PV e ka boleloa esale pele.Lisele ke mohato o ka sehloohong oa ho lemoha phetoho ea photoelectric, 'me li-wafers tsa silicon ke lisebelisoa tsa motheo tsa lisele le ho theoha ka ho toba ha polysilicon, kahoo ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho bolela esale pele tlhokahalo ea polysilicon.Palo e lekantsoeng ea likotoana ka kilogram ea lithupa tsa silicon le li-ingots li ka baloa ho tloha palo ea likotoana ka kilogram le karolo ea 'maraka ea lithupa tsa silicon le li-ingots.Joale, ho ea ka matla le karolo ea 'maraka ea liphaphatha tsa silicon tsa boholo bo fapaneng, matla a boima a liphaephe tsa silicon a ka fumanoa,' me joale palo e hlokahalang ea liphaphatha tsa silicon e ka hakanngoa ho latela matla a sa tsoa kenngoa a photovoltaic.Ka mor'a moo, boima ba lithupa tsa silicon le li-ingots tse hlokahalang li ka fumanoa ho ea ka kamano ea palo pakeng tsa palo ea li-wafers tsa silicon le palo e boima ea lithupa tsa silicon le li-ingots tsa silicon ka kilogram.Ha e ntse e kopantsoe le tšebeliso e boima ea silicon ea lithupa tsa silicon / li-ingots tsa silicon, tlhokahalo ea polysilicon bakeng sa matla a sa tsoa kenngoa a photovoltaic e ka fumanoa qetellong.Ho ea ka sephetho sa sephetho, tlhokahalo ea lefats'e ea polysilicon bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa photovoltaic lilemong tse hlano tse fetileng e tla tsoela pele ho phahama, ho phahama ka 2027, ebe e fokotseha hanyenyane lilemong tse tharo tse latelang.Ho hakanngoa hore tlas'a maemo a ts'epo le a ts'ireletso ka 2025, tlhoko ea selemo le selemo ea polysilicon bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa photovoltaic e tla ba lithane tse 1,108,900 le lithane tse 907,800 ka ho latellana, 'me tlhokahalo ea lefats'e ea polysilicon bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa photovoltaic ka 2030 e tla ba 1,042,100 tlas'a maemo a ts'epo. ., lithane tse 896 900.Ho latela Chinakarolo ea matla a lefats'e a kentsoeng photovoltaic,Tlhokahalo ea China ea polysilicon bakeng sa tšebeliso ea photovoltaic ka 2025e lebelletsoe ho ba lithane tse 369,600 le lithane tse 302,600 ka tatellano tlas'a maemo a ts'epo le a ts'ireletso, le lithane tse 739,300 le lithane tse 605,200 mose ho maoatle ka ho latellana.
2, Tlhokahalo ea ho qetela ea Semiconductor: Tekanyo e nyane haholo ho feta tlhokahalo ea tšimo ea photovoltaic, 'me kholo ea nakong e tlang e ka lebelloa.
Ntle le ho etsa lisele tsa photovoltaic, polysilicon e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le thepa e tala bakeng sa ho etsa li-chips 'me e sebelisoa tšimong ea semiconductor, e ka arolelanoang ka ho etsa likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa indasteri, puisano ea elektronike, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng le masimo a mang.Ts'ebetso ho tloha polysilicon ho ea ho chip e arotsoe haholo ka mehato e meraro.Taba ea pele, polysilicon e huleloa ka har'a li-ingots tsa silicon tsa monocrystalline, ebe e khaola liphaphatha tse tšesaane tsa silicon.Li-wafers tsa silicon li hlahisoa ka letoto la ts'ebetso ea ho sila, ea ho chamfering le ho bentša., e leng thepa ea motheo ea fektheri ea semiconductor.Qetellong, sephaphatha sa silicon sea khaoloa 'me laser e ngotsoe ka har'a meaho e fapaneng ea potoloho ho etsa lihlahisoa tsa chip tse nang le litšobotsi tse itseng.Li-wafers tse tloaelehileng tsa silicon li kenyelletsa li-wafers tse bentšitsoeng, li-wafers tsa epitaxial le li-wafers tsa SOI.Wafer e pholisitsoeng ke thepa ea tlhahiso ea chip e nang le sephara se phahameng se fumanoang ka ho bentša sephaphatha sa silicon ho tlosa lera le senyehileng holim'a metsi, le ka sebelisoang ka kotloloho ho etsa lichifi, liphaephe tsa epitaxial le li-wafers tsa silicon tsa SOI.Li-wafers tsa Epitaxial li fumanoa ka kholo ea epitaxial ea li-wafers tse betliloeng, ha li-wafers tsa silicon tsa SOI li etsoa ka bonding kapa ho kenngoa ha ion holim'a li-wafer substrates tse betliloeng, 'me mokhoa oa ho lokisa o batla o le boima.
Ka tlhokahalo ea polysilicon ka lehlakoreng la semiconductor ka 2021, ho kopantsoe le ponelopele ea setsi ea sekhahla sa kholo ea indasteri ea semiconductor lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang, tlhokahalo ea polysilicon tšimong ea semiconductor ho tloha 2022 ho isa 2025 e ka hakanngoa.Ka 2021, tlhahiso ea lefatše ka bophara ea polysilicon ea elektronike e tla ikarabella bakeng sa hoo e ka bang 6% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon, 'me polysilicon ea boemo ba letsatsi le silicon ea granular e tla etsa karolo ea 94%.Boholo ba polysilicon ea boemo ba elektronike e sebelisoa tšimong ea semiconductor, 'me polysilicon e' ngoe e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea photovoltaic..Ka hona, ho ka nahanoa hore palo ea polysilicon e sebelisitsoeng indastering ea semiconductor ka 2021 e ka ba lithane tse 37,000.Ntle le moo, ho latela sekhahla sa kholo ea kholo ea indasteri ea semiconductor e boletsoeng esale pele ke FortuneBusiness Insights, tlhoko ea polysilicon bakeng sa tšebeliso ea semiconductor e tla eketseha ka sekhahla sa selemo sa 8.6% ho tloha 2022 ho isa 2025. Ho hakanngoa hore ka 2025, tlhoko ea polysilicon tšimong ea semiconductor e tla ba lithane tse 51,500.(Mohloli oa tlaleho: Future Think Tank)
3, Polysilicon ho kenya le ho romela kantle ho naha: thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e feta hole kantle ho naha, 'me Jeremane le Malaysia li ikarabella bakeng sa karolo e phahameng
Ka 2021, hoo e ka bang 18.63% ea tlhoko ea polysilicon ea China e tla tsoa ho tsoa kantle ho naha, 'me tekanyo ea thepa e tsoang kantle e feta hole sekala sa thomello ea kantle.Ho tloha 2017 ho ea ho 2021, mokhoa oa ho kenya le ho romela thepa oa polysilicon o laoloa ke thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, e ka 'nang ea bakoa ke tlhokahalo e matla ea indasteri ea photovoltaic e tsoetseng pele ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena,' me tlhokahalo ea eona ea polysilicon e ikarabella ho feta 94% ea tlhokeho e felletseng;Ho phaella moo, k'hamphani ha e e-s'o tsebe theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon ea boemo bo phahameng ba elektronike, kahoo polysilicon e 'ngoe e hlokoang ke indasteri e kopanetsoeng ea potoloho e ntse e hloka ho itšetleha ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling.Ho latela lintlha tsa Lekala la Indasteri ea Silicon, palo ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e ile ea tsoela pele ho theoha ka selemo sa 2019 le 2020. Lebaka la mantlha la ho theoha ha thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea polysilicon ka 2019 e bile keketseho e kholo ea bokhoni ba tlhahiso, e nyolohileng ho tloha ho lithane tse 388,000 ka 2018 ho isa ho lithane tse 452,000. ka 2019. Ka nako e ts'oanang, OCI, REC, HANWHA Lik'hamphani tse ling tsa mose ho maoatle, tse kang lik'hamphani tse ling tsa mose ho maoatle, li tlohile indastering ea polysilicon ka lebaka la tahlehelo, kahoo ho itšetleha ka thepa ea polysilicon ho fokotseha haholo;le hoja matla a tlhahiso ha a e-s'o eketsehe ka 2020, phello ea seoa sena e lebisitse ho lieha ho hahoa ha merero ea photovoltaic, 'me palo ea litaelo tsa polysilicon e fokotsehile ka nako e tšoanang.Ka 2021, 'maraka oa China oa photovoltaic o tla hola ka potlako,' me ts'ebeliso e hlakileng ea polysilicon e tla fihla ho lithane tse 613,000, e leng se etsang hore palo ea thepa e tsoang kantle e khutlele hape.Lilemong tse hlano tse fetileng, palo ea China ea ho kenya polysilicon ea net e bile pakeng tsa lithane tse 90,000 le 140,000, tseo e ka bang lithane tse 103,800 ka 2021. Ho lebelletsoe hore palo ea China ea polysilicon ea kantle ho naha e tla lula e le lithane tse 100,000 ka selemo ho tloha 2022 ho isa ho 2025.
Lihlahisoa tsa China tsa polysilicon li tsoa haholo Jeremane, Malaysia, Japane le Taiwan, Chaena, 'me kakaretso ea thepa e tsoang linaheng tsena tse' nè e tla ba 90.51% ka 2021. Hoo e ka bang 45% ea thepa ea polysilicon ea Chaena e tsoa Jeremane, 26% e tsoa Malaysia, 13.5% ho tsoa Japane, le 6% ho tsoa Taiwan.Jeremane e na le setsi sa lefatše sa polysilicon se seholo sa WACKER, e leng mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa polysilicon ea mose ho maoatle, e etsang karolo ea 12.7% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea lefats'e ka 2021;Malaysia e na le palo e kholo ea melapo ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon e tsoang K'hamphaning ea OCI ea Korea Boroa, e tsoang mocheng oa pele oa tlhahiso Malaysia oa TOKUYAMA, k'hamphani ea Majapane e fumanoeng ke OCI.Ho na le lifeme le lifeme tse ling tseo OCI e li tlositseng Korea Boroa ho ea Malaysia.Lebaka la ho falla ke hore Malaysia e fana ka sebaka sa mahala sa fektheri 'me theko ea motlakase e tlase ho karolo ea boraro ho feta ea Korea Boroa;Japane le Taiwan, Chaena li na le TOKUYAMA, GET le lik'hamphani tse ling, tse nang le karolo e kholo ea tlhahiso ea polysilicon.sebaka.Ka 2021, tlhahiso ea polysilicon e tla ba lithane tse 492,000, tseo matla a sa tsoa kenngoa a photovoltaic le tlhoko ea tlhahiso ea chip e tla ba lithane tse 206,400 le lithane tse 1,500 ka ho latellana, 'me lithane tse 284,100 tse setseng li tla sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho sebetsa le ho romelloa mose ho maoatle.Lihokelong tse tlase tsa polysilicon, li-wafers tsa silicon, lisele le li-module li romelloa haholo kantle ho naha, moo ho romelloa ha li-module ho hlahelletseng haholo.Ka 2021, li-wafers tsa silicon tse limilione tse likete tse 4.64 le lisele tsa photovoltaic tse limilione tse likete tse 3.2 li ne li entsoe.fetisetsoa kantle ho nahaho tsoa Chaena, e nang le kakaretso ea 22.6GW le 10.3GW ka ho latellana, 'me thomello ea li-module tsa photovoltaic ke 98.5GW, e nang le thepa e fokolang haholo.Mabapi le sebopeho sa boleng ba kantle ho naha, thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ka 2021 e tla fihla ho US $ 24.61 billion, e etsang 86%, e lateloe ke li-wafers tsa silicon le libeteri.Ka 2021, tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea li-wafers tsa silicon, lisele tsa photovoltaic, le li-module tsa photovoltaic li tla fihla ho 97.3%, 85.1%, le 82.3%, ka ho latellana.Ho lebeletsoe hore indasteri ea lefats'e ea photovoltaic e tla tsoela pele ho tsepamisa maikutlo Chaena nakong ea lilemo tse tharo tse tlang, 'me tlhahiso le thepa ea thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling e tla ba ngata haholo.Ka hona, ho hakanngoa hore ho tloha 2022 ho ea ho 2025, palo ea polysilicon e sebelisetsoang ho sebetsana le ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse tlaase le ho romelloa kantle ho naha e tla eketseha butle-butle.E hakanngoa ka ho tlosa tlhahiso ea mose ho maoatle ho tloha tlhokahalo ea polysilicon ea mose ho maoatle.Ka 2025, polysilicon e hlahisoang ka ho sebetsa lihlahisoa tse tlase ho tla hakanyetsoa ho romela Lithane tse 583,000 linaheng tse ling ho tsoa Chaena.
4, Kakaretso le Outlook
Tlhokahalo ea lefats'e ea polysilicon e tsepamisitsoe haholo-holo tšimong ea photovoltaic, 'me tlhokahalo tšimong ea semiconductor ha se taelo ea boholo.Tlhokahalo ea polysilicon e tsamaisoa ke lisebelisoa tsa photovoltaic, 'me butle-butle e fetisetsoa ho polysilicon ka sehokelo sa photovoltaic modules-cell-wafer, e hlahisang tlhokahalo ea eona.Nakong e tlang, ka keketseho ea matla a lefats'e a kentsoeng photovoltaic, tlhokahalo ea polysilicon ka kakaretso e na le tšepo.Ka tšepo, China le mose ho maoatle lisebelisoa tsa PV tse sa tsoa eketseha tse bakang tlhoko ea polysilicon ka 2025 e tla ba 36.96GW le 73.93GW ka ho latellana, 'me tlhokahalo tlas'a maemo a tsitsitseng le eona e tla fihla ho 30.24GW le 60.49GW ka ho latellana.Ka 2021, phepelo le tlhoko ea lefats'e ea polysilicon e tla ba thata, e leng se tla fella ka litheko tse phahameng tsa lefatše tsa polysilicon.Boemo bona bo ka 'na ba tsoela pele ho fihlela ka 2022,' me butle-butle ba fetohela sethaleng sa phepelo e hlephileng ka mor'a 2023. Karolong ea bobeli ea 2020, phello ea seoa e ile ea qala ho fokola, 'me ho atolosoa ha tlhahiso ea tlaase ho ile ha khanna tlhokahalo ea polysilicon,' me lik'hamphani tse ling tse etellang pele li ile tsa rera. ho atolosa tlhahiso.Leha ho le joalo, potoloho ea katoloso ea lilemo tse fetang e le 'ngoe le halofo e ile ea fella ka ho lokolloa ha matla a tlhahiso qetellong ea 2021 le 2022, e leng se ileng sa fella ka keketseho ea 4.24% ka 2021. Ho na le lekhalo la phepelo ea lithane tse 10,000, kahoo litheko li nyolohile. ka bohale.Ho boleloa esale pele hore ka 2022, tlas'a maemo a ts'epo le a tsitsitseng a matla a kentsoeng a photovoltaic, lekhalo la phepelo le tlhokahalo e tla ba lithane tse -156,500 le lithane tse 2,400 ka ho latellana, 'me phepelo e akaretsang e ntse e tla ba boemong bo fokolang haholo.Ka 2023 le ho feta, merero e mecha e qalileng ho ahuoa mafelong a 2021 le mathoasong a 2022 e tla qala tlhahiso le ho fihlela ntlafatso ea matla a tlhahiso.Phepelo le tlhokeho li tla fokotseha butle-butle, 'me litheko li ka ba tlas'a khatello e tlase.Ka mor'a ho latela, ho lokela ho lefshoa tlhokomelo ea phello ea ntoa ea Serussia-Seukraine ka mokhoa oa lefats'e oa matla a matla, a ka fetolang moralo oa lefats'e oa matla a sa tsoa kenngoa a photovoltaic, a tla ama tlhokahalo ea polysilicon.
(Sengoloa sena ke sa litšupiso tsa bareki ba UrbanMines feela mme ha se emele likeletso tsa matsete)